Solar cell manufacturing technologies are discussed in part ii. Pv characterization lab purpose in this lab you will measure the current versus voltage for several photovoltaic cells using computer probeware. Solar cell, also called photovoltaic cell, any device that directly converts the energy of light into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect. It is a form of photoelectric cell, defined as a device whose electrical characteristics, such as current, voltage, or resistance, vary when exposed to light individual solar cell devices can be. Characteristics of photovoltaic cells scope the output currentvoltage characteristic curve for a photovoltaic cell for different input intensities and the conditions for optimum power transfer to an external load are determined. Short circuit current, which is the maximum current a cell can give open circuit voltage,which is the maximum voltage a cell can have efficiency fill factor which is the ratio of maximum power by the. The objective of this experiment is to explore solar cells as renewable energy sources and test their efficiency in converting solar radiation to electrical power. Pdf a solar cell is an electronic device which directly converts sunlight into electricity. The most obvious use for solar cells is to serve as the primary building block for creating a solar. In this experiment a variable resistor is used to obtain a series of voltage and current pairs.
Solar cells are characterized by their currentvoltage iv characteristic curves. Find the current and voltage response under illumination. The voltage for maximumpanelpower output is usually about 1617 v. The resulting curve is a measure of the overall performance of the cell. Solar cells are usually coated with antireflective materials so that they absorb the maximum amount of light energy. The field performance of photovoltaic solar panels can be characterized by measuring the relationship between panel voltage, current, and power output under differing environmental conditions and. In this video we will study the characteristics of solar cell. The circuit allows the electrons to flow to the electronpoor back of the cell from the electronrich front of the cell. The physics guide is a free and unique educational youtube channel. Efficiency of a solar cell objective how efficient is a solar cell at converting the suns energy into power. Solar cell a diode a solar cell is a diode and hence an iv curve of a solar cell under dark conditions will look similar to that of a diode. Use a current source representing the photoelectric current and resistors representing the shunt and series resistances.
I have also found some information through the internet about this effect of dust buildup on the efficiency of the panel. May 15, 2018 characteristics of a solar cell and parameters of a solar cell may 15, 2018 february 24, 2012 by electrical4u solar cell is the basic unit of solar energy generation system where electrical energy is extracted directly from light energy without any intermediate process. We found that remote access to lab equipment and experiments has many advantages over traditional scheduled supervised. Characteristics of solar cell fill factor experiment youtube. When charged by the sun, this basic unit generates a dc photovoltage of 0. Characteristics of photovoltaic cells 271 experiment 27. If you measure the voltage of solar cell with no loadthat is the open. The pv cell is an apparatus that converts light from a light bulb to. From the characteristics of solar cell is obvious that if the current through the solar cell increases the voltage it can generate decreases and the voltage generated at that particular current will be less than v oc.
Study of iv characteristic of a solar cell illuminated by an incandescent lamp, at. An experiment to measure the iv characteristics of a silicon. In practice, when a load is present a potential difference develops between the terminals of the cell. Illuminating a cell adds to the normal dark currents in the diode so that the diode law becomes.
Using a diode factor between the values 1 and 5 may give a more accurate description of the solar cell characteristics. In addition to everyday objects such as solar calculators or solar garden lamps, photovoltaic power plants are becoming more and more common. Specific performance characteristics of solar cells are summarized, while the methods and equipment used for measuring these characteristics are emphasized. Measurement of vi characteristics of a solar panel at various levels. Department of energy a solar cell is essentially a diode with a large area. Denis ar con ljubljana, may 2011 abstract this seminar is a short overview of current photovoltaics. Characteristics of photovoltaic solar cells analog. Effects of temperature and internal resistances on cell efficiency 7. Characteristics of a solar cell and parameters of a solar cell.
When illuminated, the photons interact with the material to generate electron hole pairs. Solar cell characteristics 392015 phys 1402 introduction the objective of this experiment is to introduce a new circuit element, a photovoltaic pv cell, and observe how it is different from ohmian circuit elements. This experiment will offer a deeper analysis into the relationship between solar panel efficiency and dust buildup. The cell can be considered as a two terminal device which conducts like a diode in the dark and generates a photovoltage when charged by the sun.
Perovskite solar cell psc materials a perovskite solar cell, that was first reported by. Standardized testing allows the comparison of devices manufactured at different companies and laboratories with different technologies to be compared. A lowcost laboratory experiment to generate the iv characteristic. Current voltage iv measurements in small photovoltaic. This potential generates a current which acts in the opposite direction to the photocurrent, and the. The large surface area indicated in light blue is exposed to incident light energy. Pdf experimental analysis of solar pv characteristics under. To plot the vi characteristics of the solar cell and hence determine the fill factor. Measurement of short circuit current iesc with biasing the solar cell and. Degradation of electrical characteristics in lowbandgap. Solar cells are characterized using a voltage current curve. The output currentvoltage characteristic curve for a photovoltaic cell for different input. I study of iv characteristic of a solar cell illuminated by an incandescent lamp, at different frequencies ii study of iv characteristic of a solar cell illuminated by sun, at different frequencies theory. This apparatus allows students in introductory physics course to plot iv characteristics of a solar cell by a simple experiment.
Sunlight hits the solar cell if the energy of the photon is high enough bandgap energy, it is absorbed on the pside. To draw the iv characteristics of a solar cell and to. The cells are tested under varying resistance loads and varying light levels. To study the characteristics of solar cell, the following studies can be carried out. A solar cell uses the photovoltaic effect to convert solar radiation directly to dc electrical energy. An experiment to measure the ivcharacteristics of a. Draw on the same graph, the vi characteristics obtained from experiment, and the one calculated. Choose the ammeter, voltmeter and rheostat ratings so that you get 20 uniformly spaced points on the vi characteristics.
Pdf solar cells are a promising and potentially important technology and are the future of sustainable energy for the human civilization. Photovoltaic cell is based on the principle of inner photo electric cell. Application of pn junctions within solar cells is discussed. The rate of energy generation or power from the solar cell.
Photovoltaic panels are oriented to maximize the use of the suns light, and the system angles can be. Part b semiconductor devices experiment series 3 solar cell solar cell prelaboratory assignment draw the equivalent circuit representing a solar cell. The above graph shows the currentvoltage iv characteristics of a typical silicon pv cell operating under normal conditions. May 03, 2012 for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration.
Analysis of solar photovoltaic panel characteristics using matlab pawan kumar srivastva,hemant kumar soni,naresh kumar. Solar panels characteristics current, voltage and power curves of a solar pv panel. It is a form of photoelectric cell, defined as a device whose electrical characteristics, such as current, voltage, or resistance, vary when exposed to. Study of iv characteristic of a solar cell illuminated by an incandescent lamp, at different. Current voltage iv measurements in small photovoltaic solar panels swr 18 feb 20 overview. The theoretical studies are of practical use because they predict the fundamental limits of a solar cell, and give guidance on the phenomena that contribute to losses and. The most fundamental of solar cell characterization techniques is the measurement of cell efficiency. Estimate the dependence of noload voltage and shortcircuit current on temperature. A solar cell is basically a semiconductor pn junction device.
Solar cell iv characteristic and the solar iv curves. Solar cell efficiency is the ratio of the electrical output of a solar cell to the incident energy in. Abstract a matlab programming for the solar pv cell, modules and array is developed and presented in this dissertation. Jul 28, 2017 the physics guide is a free and unique educational youtube channel. A potential difference voltage is thereby created across the pn junction that drives the current and propels the excess free electrons to the conductor on the top of the cell. Many different solar cell technologies are being developed, for various applications rooftops, solar power plants, satellites, backpacks or clothing, etc. Experiments with solar cell from solar kit zdenka koupilova1 solar energy is more and more used in everyday life. The objective of this lab activity is to study and measure the output voltage and current characteristics of a photovoltaic solar panel and develop an equivalent electrical model for use in computer simulation.
Pdf the spectrum of solar energy is quite wide and its intensity varies according to the timing of the day and geographic location. The details of each of the three processes are beyond the scope of this manual. Characteristics of a solar cell and parameters of a solar cell may 15, 2018 february 24, 2012 by electrical4u solar cell is the basic unit of solar energy generation system where electrical energy is extracted directly from light energy without any intermediate process. We describe a very simple experiment that allows college students in introductory physics courses to plot the iv characteristics of a solar cell, and hence measure important photovoltaic parameters, such as the fill factor and light conversion efficiency. Solar cell is the basic unit of solar energy generation system where electrical energy is. A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical phenomenon. The iv curve of a solar cell is the superposition of the iv curve of the solar cell diode in the dark with the lightgenerated current. Jun 28, 2018 basically, the experiment consists of a solar module illuminated by a flat led light source and a programmed electronic variable resistor, which enables collecting the solar module current.
We give the upper limit to the solar cell e ciency. In addition to reflecting the performance of the solar cell itself, the efficiency depends on the spectrum and intensity of the incident sunlight and the temperature of the solar cell. Measurement of vi characteristics of a solar panel at various levels of insolation, and the identification of the equivalent circuit. Two meters mounted on the front panel to measure the solar cell voltage and current. Hence the operating point is characterized by i op, v op where i op power electronics, solar power, iv characteristics version january 31st, 2014 page 3 of 27 yield panel voc. To study the characteristics of solar cell to study the. Measurement of vi characteristics of a solar panel at various levels of insolation, and the identification of the equivalent circuit parameters procedure. This channel covers theory classes, practical classes, demonstrations, animations, physics fun, puzzle and many more of the. An overview of the principal issues, including the physics of solar cell operation, materials and modelling, and the fundamental theoretical framework form an introduction to the device aspects of photovoltaics given in part iia. Solar cell mounted on the front panel in a metal box with connections brought out on terminals. Fundamental properties of solar cells, principles and. A typical iv curve and power curve of a solar cell fig 4. Analysis of solar photovoltaic panel characteristics using matlab.
This potential generates a current which acts in the opposite direction to the photocurrent, and the net current is reduced from its short circuit value. Pdf modelling of solar cell characteristics considering the effect of. Iv characteristics of a silicon solar cell department of physics, monash university, clayton, victoria 3168, australia 2 bloomfield, louis a. A solar cell is a semiconductor pn junction diode as shown in figure 1. This channel covers theory classes, practical classes, demonstrations, animations. The overwhelming majority of solar cells are fabricated from silicon with increasing efficiency and lowering cost as the materials range from amorphous noncrystalline to polycrystalline to. Apparatus for characteristic study of solar cell model no. Current densityvoltage jv characteristics of fresh and 24 haged devices are shown in fig. The fill factor is the degree to which the v curve approximates the j. An experiment to measure the ivcharacteristics of a silicon. Hoedsc01 is an effective tool for evaluating the characteristics of solar cell. A simple solar cell experiment the following experiment was performed using a commercial polycrystalline silicon solar cell with an active area of 8. Measure the shortcircuit current and noload voltage at different light intensities and plot the currentvoltage characteristic at different light intensities.
Solar cell conversion efficiency the standard solar radiation known as the air mass 1. On the basis of the cost problem, we have developed new solar cells based on organic and organicinorganic hybrid materials. Choose the ammeter, voltmeter and rheostat ratings so that you get 20 uniformly spaced points on. Pnjunction diode when the junction is illuminated, a net current flow takes place in an external lead connecting the ptype and ntype. The experiment can be performed in the laboratory but it is always good to perform it in a. It would be a natural assumption that for solar cell performance visible light is. Experimental arrangement for solar cell characteristics apparatus. Photo cell characteristics applied science department nitttr, sector26, chandigarh. Many of the topics that are discussed in this book are also covered in the massive open online course mooc on solar energy delftx, et.
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